Prelude to Foundation Chapter 9 Microfarm

MYCOGEN-†¦ The microfarms of Mycogen are incredible, however they endure today just in such oft-utilized metaphors as â€Å"rich as the microfarms of Mycogen† or â€Å"tasty as Mycogenian yeast.† Such encomiums will in general heighten with time, certainly, yet Hari Seldon visited those microfarms over the span of The Flight and there are references in his diaries that would will in general help the mainstream opinion†¦ Reference book Galactica 41. â€Å"That was good.† said Seldon dangerously. â€Å"It was extensively better than the food Graycloud brought-â€Å" Dors said sensibly, â€Å"You need to recall that Graycloud's lady needed to set it up without prior warning the center of the night.† She delayed and stated, â€Å"I wish they would state ‘wife.' They make ‘woman' sound like such an appanage, as ‘my house' or my robe.' It is completely demeaning.† â€Å"I know. It's irritating. In any case, they may well make ‘wife' sound like an appanage too. It's the manner in which they live and the Sisters don't appear to mind. You and I won't transform it by addressing. Anyway, did you perceive how the Sisters did it?† â€Å"Yes, I did and they caused everything to appear to be extremely straightforward. I questioned I could recollect all that they did, yet they demanded I wouldn't need to. I could pull off insignificant warming. I assembled the bread had a type of microderivative added to it in the heating that both raised the batter and loaned it that crunchy consistency and warm flavor. Only a trace of pepper, didn't you think?† â€Å"I couldn't tell, yet whatever it was, I didn't get enough. What's more, the soup. Did you perceive any of the vegetables?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"And what was the cut meat? Might you be able to tell?† â€Å"I don't think it was cut meat, really. We had a sheep dish back on Cinna that it reminded me of.† â€Å"It was surely not lamb.† â€Å"I said that I questioned it was meat by any means.- I don't think anybody outside Mycogen eats like this either. Not even the Emperor, I'm certain. Whatever the Mycogenians sell is, I'm willing to wager, close to the base of the line. They spare the best for themselves. We would do well to not remain here excessively long, Hari. On the off chance that we become accustomed to eating this way, we'll always be unable to adjust ourselves to the hopeless stuff they have outside.† She giggled. Seldon snickered as well. He took another taste at the natural product juice, which tasted unmistakably more tempting than any organic product juice he had ever tasted previously, and stated, â€Å"listen, when Hummin took me to the University, we halted at a side of the road cafe and had some food that was vigorously yeasted. It posed a flavor like No, quit worrying about what it had an aftertaste like, yet I wouldn't have thought it possible, at that point, that microfood could possess a flavor like this. I wish the Sisters were still here. It would have been considerate to thank them.† â€Å"I think they were very mindful of how we would feel. I commented on the awesome smell while everything was warming and they stated, carelessly, that it would taste even better.† â€Å"The more seasoned one said that, I imagine.† â€Å"Yes. The more youthful one chuckled.- And they'll be back. They will present to me a kirtle, so I can go out to see the shops with them. What's more, they made it understood I would need to wash my face if I somehow managed to be found out in the open. They will give me where to get some great quality kirtles of my own and where I can purchase instant suppers of different sorts. I'll should simply warm them up. They clarified that nice Sisters wouldn't do that, yet would begin without any preparation. Truth be told, a portion of the feast they arranged for us was just warmed and they were sorry for that. They figured out how to suggest, however, that tribespeople couldn't be relied upon to acknowledge genuine imaginativeness in cooking, with the goal that essentially warming arranged food would accomplish for us.- They appear to underestimate it, coincidentally, that I will do all the shopping and cooking.† â€Å"As we state at home, ‘When in Trantor, do as the Trantorians do.' â€Å" â€Å"Yes, I was certain that would be your demeanor in this case.† â€Å"I'm just human,† said Seldon. â€Å"The regular excuse,† said Dors with a little grin. Seldon reclined with an agreeable very much filled inclination and stated, â€Å"You've been on Trantor for a long time, Dors, so you may comprehend a couple of things that I don't. Is it your supposition that this odd social framework the Mycogenians have is a piece of a supernaturalistic view they have?† â€Å"Supernaturalistic?† â€Å"Yes. Would you have heard this was so?† â€Å"What do you mean by ‘supernaturalistic'?† â€Å"The self-evident. A confidence in elements that are free of characteristic law, that are not limited by the preservation of vitality, for example, or by the presence of a steady of action.† â€Å"I see. You're inquiring as to whether Mycogen is a strict community.† The ball was in Seldon's court. â€Å"Religious?† â€Å"Yes. It's an obsolete term, yet we students of history use it-our investigation is filled with ancient terms. ‘Religious' isn't accurately proportional to ‘supernaturalistic,' however it contains luxuriously supernaturalistic components. I can't respond to your particular inquiry, be that as it may, on the grounds that I've never made any uncommon examination of Mycogen. All things considered, from what little I've seen of the spot and from my insight into religions ever, I wouldn't be astonished if the Mycogenian culture was strict in character.† â€Å"In that case, would it shock you if Mycogenian legends were likewise strict in character?† â€Å"No, it wouldn't.† â€Å"And thusly not founded on verifiable matter?† â€Å"That wouldn't really follow. The center of the legends may at present be genuinely notable, taking into consideration twisting and supernaturalistic intermixture.† â€Å"Ah,† said Seldon and appeared to resign into his considerations. At last Dors ended the quiet that followed and stated, â€Å"It's not all that remarkable, you know. There is an impressive strict component on numerous universes. It's become more grounded over the most recent couple of hundreds of years as the Empire has developed increasingly fierce. On my universe of Cinna, at any rate a fourth of the populace is tritheistic.† Seldon was again horrendously and remorsefully aware of his numbness of history. He stated, â€Å"Were there times in previous history when religion was more noticeable than it is today?† â€Å"Certainly. What's more, there are new assortments jumping up continually. The Mycogenian religion, whatever it may be, could be moderately new and might be limited to Mycogen itself. I couldn't generally tell without impressive study.† â€Å"But now we arrive at its purpose, Dors. Is it your sentiment that ladies are more adept to be strict than men are?† Dors Venabili caused a stir. â€Å"I'm not certain in the event that we can expect anything as straightforward as that.† She suspected a piece. â€Å"I suspect that those components of a populace that have a littler stake in the material common world are increasingly well-suited to discover comfort in what you call supernaturalism poor people, the excluded, the discouraged. To the extent that supernaturalism covers religion, they may likewise be progressively strict. There are clearly numerous exemptions in the two bearings. A significant number of the discouraged may need religion; a considerable lot of the rich, amazing, and fulfilled may have it.† â€Å"But in Mycogen,† said Seldon, â€Å"where the ladies appear to be treated as subhuman-would I be directly in expecting they would be more strict than the men, increasingly engaged with the legends that the general public has been preserving?† â€Å"I wouldn't chance my life on it, Hari, yet I'd be eager to hazard seven days' salary on it.† â€Å"Good,† said Seldon keenly. Dors grinned at him. â€Å"There's a touch of your psychohistory, Hari. Rule number 47,854: The discouraged are more strict than the satisfied.† Seldon shook his head. â€Å"Don't joke about psychohistory, Dors. You know I'm not searching for small standards however for huge speculations and for methods for control. I don't need similar strictness as the consequence of a hundred explicit guidelines. I need something from which I can, after control through some arrangement of mathematicized rationale, state, ‘Aha, this gathering of individuals will in general be more strict than that gathering, given that the accompanying rules are met, and that, subsequently, when humankind meets with these upgrades, it will respond with these reactions.' â€Å" â€Å"How horrible,† said Dors. â€Å"You are imagining people as basic mechanical gadgets. Press this catch and you will get that twitch.† â€Å"No, in light of the fact that there will be numerous catches pushing all the while to fluctuating degrees and evoking such a significant number of reactions of various sorts that by and large the forecasts of things to come will be factual in nature, with the goal that the individual person will stay a free agent.† â€Å"How would you be able to know this?† â€Å"I can't,† said Seldon. â€Å"At least, I don't have any acquaintance with it. I feel it to be so. It is the thing that I consider to be the manner in which things should be. On the off chance that I can discover the aphorisms, the essential Laws of Humanics, in a manner of speaking, and the important scientific treatment, at that point I will have my psychohistory. I have demonstrated that, in principle, this is conceivable â€Å" â€Å"But unrealistic, right?† â€Å"I continue saying so.† A little grin bended Dors' lips, â€Å"Is that what you are doing, Hari, searching for a type of answer for this problem?† â€Å"I don't have the foggiest idea. I promise to you I don't have a clue. Be that as it may, Chetter Hummin is so on edge to discover an answer and, for reasons unknown, I am restless to satisfy him. He is so convincing a man.† â€Å"Yes, I know.† Seldon let that remark pass, albeit a little grimace bounced over his face. Seldon proceeded. â€Å"Hummin demands the Empire is rotting, that it will fall, th

Methadone Treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Methadone Treatment - Essay Example Accordingly, there have been numerous advances and investigation into the field of psychopharmacology. One of the generally utilized pharmaceutical medications on individuals experiencing heroin fixation is a medication known as methadone. Heroin is a manufactured adaptation of morphine. The opium poppy plant is the base from which it is orchestrated. The compound of Heroin was first incorporated in 1874. After it was integrated, it was showcased as a non-addictive morphine substitute and frequently utilized as a hack suppressant. It was initially showcased by Bayer. After transformation in the legislature concerning drug organization and guideline, the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act was passed in 1914 which moved this medication for just recreational use. In the end, it was moved to a Schedule I medicate and made unlawful. Qualities of Schedule I sedates incorporate the way that there is a high probability of misuse and they give next to no restorative reason. The pharmacology of heroin is the thing that makes it an addictive substance. The run of the mill ways of organization are either through grunting or through intravenous infusion. The explanation that heroin has such a fast impact on the body is on the grounds that it is profoundly lipid solvent. It ties to explicit narcotic receptors which initiate an impact of happiness for the client. This is brought about by an overabundance in the emission of dopamine and the control of dopamine in these narcotic receptors. These receptors are situated all through the body, however specifically in the mind and spinal line. Medication reliance happens when individuals have utilized heroin for such a significant stretch of time that their body has been synthetically changed and they can no longer capacity without the medication. Accordingly, the withdrawal side effects can be amazingly repulsive and can include: misery, tension, sickness, looseness of the bowels, sleep deprivation, and so forth. One of the numerous ordina rily announced unfriendly symptoms is the inclination of creeping on the skin, which prompts sores and scars to shape from clients over the top scratching. Casualty from withdrawal isn't usually seen with this sort of compulsion (US Department of, 2005). One of the most generally utilized medications in the treatment of heroin fixation is Methadone. It was first orchestrated in 1937 in Germany. It works by possessing the narcotic receptors in the body which can hinder the impacts of dopamine in the body. This narcotic agonist is additionally a glutamate inhibitor which forestalls the excitatory activity in the focal sensory system. This permits the client to fall off the heroin habit a lot simpler. The drug is taken orally once per day and regularly has an impact of somewhere in the range of 24 and 36 hours. While methadone moves to replace heroin in the enslavement, it can square a large number of the more destructive impacts of the compulsion, yet doesn't give that high related he roin. The enslavement, in any case, turns into the equivalent with methadone, however can in some cases set aside more effort to fall off of (Broekhuysen, 2000). Despite the fact that it has been demonstrated that methadone is a significant segment in the recuperation procedure, there are numerous pundits who accept this is â€Å"merely subbing one enslavement for another.† It is on the grounds that there is huge analysis with respect to whether the compulsion is being treated as a clinical habit. Like individuals selling doctor prescribed medications wrongfully, numerous pundits feel that on the off chance that methadone is made excessively broadly utilized, at that point it will end up being a mishandled sedate in the dealing business due to

Slavery During the Enlightenment and the Frech Revolution :: History Historical Slaves Enlightenment Essays

There were numerous perspectives on the issue of servitude during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, and the goals of subjection influenced financial aspects, legislative issues, and social request. The slave exchange triangle between Europe, west Africa, and the Indies has a extraordinary effect on European financial matters during this time. The just route for this detailed exchange triangle to work is if there were dark Africans accessible for fare to the Indies as slaves. On the off chance that they were not accessible, at that point the landowners in the new world couldn't deliver the sugar, espresso, and tobacco for fare to Europe, and the circuit broken. These African slaves were helpful, as indicated by Guillaume Raynal (report 6), since they were believed to be more happy with working in the hot states of the Indies, since they had initially originated from a hot atmosphere in Africa. So as to utilize the land, more proficient laborers would be required, and henceforth the slaves. The issue of subjection impactsly affects French legislative issues during the Enlightenment and the unrest. Numerous settlers also, landowners were befuddled over the machine of The Statement of Rights of Man to slaves and blacks (record 13). On the off chance that it applied to them, at that point subjugation would be annulled, which (as indicated by archive 10) would cause the states to free business, basically decimating them since French pioneers had just benefits from their exchange to live on. The individuals who were against subjection (archives 9, 15) utilized The Declaration of Rights of Man as their primary source, in that it announced equivalent rights to all men, not simply to white men. Servitude influenced European culture likewise from various perspectives. For the most part, as far as European culture, a great many people were against servitude, in light of the fact that African slaves were individuals as well, and they merited a similar essential rights proclaimed in The Declaration of the Rights of Man. Most proposed the subject of why blacks just were oppressed, locating that skin shading had no effect in the individual (report 7). Others, similar to Voltaire, said that the extravagances that Europe presently appreciated, similar to sugar, cocoa, espresso, and tobacco, were not so much adequate to satisfy the subjugation Subjugation During the Enlightenment and the Frech Revolution :: History Historical Slaves Enlightenment Essays There were numerous perspectives on the issue of bondage during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, and the goals of bondage influenced financial matters, legislative issues, and social request. The slave exchange triangle between Europe, west Africa, and the Indies has a incredible effect on European financial matters during this time. The just path for this detailed exchange triangle to work is if there were dark Africans accessible for fare to the Indies as slaves. On the off chance that they were not accessible, at that point the landowners in the new world couldn't deliver the sugar, espresso, and tobacco for fare to Europe, and the circuit broken. These African slaves were helpful, as indicated by Guillaume Raynal (archive 6), since they were believed to be more happy with working in the hot states of the Indies, since they had initially originated from an extremely hot atmosphere in Africa. So as to utilize the land, more proficient specialists would be required, and thus the slaves. The issue of subjugation impactsly affects French governmental issues during the Enlightenment and the upset. Numerous pioneers furthermore, landowners were befuddled over the apparatus of The Presentation of Rights of Man to slaves and blacks (report 13). On the off chance that it applied to them, at that point subjugation would be abrogated, which (as indicated by report 10) would cause the provinces to free trade, basically annihilating them since French homesteaders had just benefits from their exchange to live on. The individuals who were against subjection (archives 9, 15) utilized The Declaration of Rights of Man as their fundamental source, in that it proclaimed equivalent rights to all men, not simply to white men. Subjugation influenced European culture additionally from numerous points of view. By and large, regarding European culture, the vast majority were against subjugation, in light of the fact that African slaves were individuals as well, and they merited a similar essential rights proclaimed in The Declaration of the Rights of Man. Most proposed the topic of why blacks just were oppressed, locating that skin shading had no effect in the individual (report 7). Others, similar to Voltaire, said that the extravagances that Europe presently delighted in, similar to sugar, cocoa, espresso, and tobacco, were not so much adequate to satisfy the oppression

Hamlet, Insane or Not insane - Free Essay Example

Different hypotheses can be brought forth in the efforts to discover the truth behind whether Hamlet was insane or not. Among the hypotheses are; That he was sane all through but he only faked insanity for the success of the play; that Hamlet was less concerned with the insane part but more to his interview with the Ghost; That lack of sound mind was partial in Hamlet though it was only discovered with time during the play, (Allen and Joseph, 6). Therefore as per these hypotheses outlined, though they look more like assumed, it’s good to first analyze opinions of individuals who had presented their views earlier before. Therefore, a doctor brought forth the fact that â€Å"the dignity of any line of reason is hindered by certain interruptions of a disease. Throughout his talk together with Polonius, the style he mostly used in his speech, to a greater extent, it was highly suggestive of his and kind of convincing that he was really insane. According to Dr. Ray, â€Å"bad dreams â€Å"as he notes with Hamlet are among the signs of upcoming sense of insanity, therefore, how he behaves while talking to Ophelia, there is a sign of an interesting feature in something that to some extent is brought about by insanity over an influences by the heart and where the chains brought about by the heartfelt love are purely dissolved irrespective of the fact that it continues among men, (Mack and Maynard, 23). Also, â€Å"Dr. Bucknill points out relative to similar issue that Hamlet’s behavior in the play â€Å"is combined with faked mind unsoundness and the generosity of passion. According to Doctor Conolly, together with other things contributing to Hamlet’s behaviors to secrecy and the signs of insanity which can be recognized by any physician intimately equipped with the information on how insanity begins, to the flightiness where on almost all circumstances, Hamlet’s speech is affected and slowly to the continuity of the hindrance like it’s explained by one of the fellow characters in his mode of talking while trying to convey the seriousness as it is displayed by a person with unsound mind within a short period and as well to the spendthrift and unsettled behavior, lack of sleep, strange dreams, Ophelia’s efforts to convince about his insanity and   anxiety as the two may relate and appear in an unsound mind person. However, away from the belief brought about by these experts though I can’t set my ignorance against their established knowledge about the issue of insanity, I really agree with their explanations brought out to prove how the insanity in question is being conveyed but yet disagree with the remarks they came to arrive at. This is because Hamlet declared his intention of assuming â€Å"an antic disposition†, this is conveyed in the conversation by his mother assuring her that he will only be mad in craft. Also, in the trial he suggests so that people will prove sanity, may however seem useless in judging this issue of his insanity, (Allen and Joseph, 6). But, the fact that Shakespeare, the author of the play has influenced many into believing that the unsound mindedness of Hamlet is something very small as compared to his outstanding talent in the works of acting plays. The fact that he could comprehend things very quickly and accurately with the unsound mind in its diffe rent levels, then nothing could hinder him the ability towards assuming all those phrases. Another incident where Hamlet’s insanity is manifested is while he was conversing together with some other two actors as they had suddenly returned without his knowledge. Their finds Hamlet unaware and as a strange occurrence where he abruptly assumes that they had been sent by the king and who he doubted was behind the whole issue. Therefore, while they were in his presence, he has to play somewhat a different role, (Mack and Maynard, 23). He first ascertains whether they have been set to spy against him and therefore without much strain, the completely confuses them with the impression of his ideas and in the way he makes irrelevant observations from time to time. In conclusion, I have therefore come to consider the question whether Hamlet, though not insane from the onset, assumes such a behavior after they are through with acting a certain part of the play and thereafter, whatever remains is the flashbacks that actually he was initially not of unsound mind neither by reality nor by pretense. Therefore to my opinion, it shows how Hamlet was not mad but assumed the character so as to see the success of the play and to clearly bring forth the intended message perfectly. Something which brought about contradicting discussions on the fate of his sound mindedness. It is always obvious and acceptable for one to change character to behave in a way that may leave the audience wondering about their state if they knew them before, this is done so as to exactly bring on board the type of character intended for the play to achieve its goals as per the prevailing public demand.

Hiv / Aids The Virus And Its Effect On Human - 1501 Words

HIV/AIDS: The Virus and Its Effect on Human HIV stands for (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). This virus causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and it means the person is in the most advanced stages of HIV infection. AIDS HIV/AIDS deteriorates a person s ability to fight infections. It can be transmitted through direct contact of a mucous member or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid and breast milk and through unprotected sex and needle sharing. An HIV test checks, finding. Medications may subdue the virus and delay the onset of AIDS. HIV/AIDS has had a great impact on society, both as an illness and as a source clear-sightedness. HIV/AIDS cannot be cured but it can be treated, it requires a medical diagnosis, and lab tests. (According to 2005-2015 WebMD, â€Å"HIV/AIDS Health Center†) The symptoms of HIV/AIDS varies from person to person depending on the phrase of the infection. HIV infection varies as those of minor illnesses like the cold or flu. The signs of HIV/AIDS are tiredness, swollen lymph glands, fever, loss of appetite and weight, diarrhea, and night sweats. HIV/AIDS comes in three (3) stages/types: Acute infection or seroconversion, happens within 2-6 weeks after the person’s is exposed or become infected. In this stage the person’s body immune system tries to put up a fight against the virus. The symptoms of acute infection look similar to those of other virus-related illnesses and isShow MoreRelatedHiv / Aids : The Virus And Its Effect On Human1547 Words   |  7 Pages HIV/AIDS: The Virus and Its Effect on Human Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS HIV/AIDS deteriorates a person s ability to fight infections. It is contracted through unprotected sex or needle sharing. An HIV test checks finding. 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The Stata And Hlm Software - 1316 Words

The HSLS data was collected through a stratified two stage sampling process. That is, 944 schools (including public, private, and charter schools) were sampled in the first stage and in the second stage 25, 206 students selected in 50 states in the District of Columbia (Ingels et al., 2011, 2014). There were approximately 27 students selected per school. To cater for the complex sampling, the data include weights (students weights, parent weights, teacher weights, counselor weights, and school weights) that should be used to account for the sampling and non-response at the two stages of the data collecting process. For these reasons STATA and HLM software will be used in the data analysis process because these software can be used with weights and correction of standard error. The HSLS has missing data that has been cleaned and the analysis process made easier because the data includes variables in which imputation methods (weighted sequential hot-deck [WSHD] were used to replace the missing data (see Ingels et al., 2011, 2014). To answer the first research question that examines the trends in (i) algebra achievement, (ii) OTL across the three time points analysis using descriptive statistics to compare differences by race, location, States, SES, and school type will be used and presented using a combination of line graphs and histograms. The algebra achievement used will be the probability of proficiency scores, which is criterion referenced, to show the gains in

Business Research Environment Tourism in Gold Coast

Question: Discuss about the Business Research for Environment Tourism in Gold Coast. Answer: Introduction Gold Coast tourism is a membership based tourist firm prearranged for endorsing the particular metropolitan as a commerce event destination by global and domestic trade. In addition to this, Gold Coast also intends to enhance the popularity by various travel and media industry channel in Australia. The aim and objective of this firm is to develop the tourist visitation, demand and expenditure to the Gold Coast (Sharpley 2014). The environmental analysis of the particular organization executes different growth opportunity and these can be evaluated in an effective way. In addition these, this research study would mainly facilitate the identification of the challenges that the management of Gold Coast faces in order to expand the opportunity of business in the global platform. Therefore, in other words, it can also be said that the intention of the work is to arrange for a detailed investigation regarding tourism activities in the Gold Coast. This will help the researcher to identify t he opportunities in order to enhance the particular industry in an effective way. Nevertheless, this research study would also contribute to identify the challenges to Gold Coast for the expansion of business. Thus, the research objectives of this particular research study are firstly, to evaluate the various opportunities for Gold Coast in order to widen the tourists visitation in an efficient manner. Secondly, to identify the chief challenges for improving the effectiveness of the business in Gold Coast. Lastly, the goal of this investigation is to recommend few steps by implementing which the arrival of the visitors and the expenditure of the visitors in the business can be increased and improved. Overview of research study: The article Transforming the Tourist City into a Knowledge and Healthy City: Reinventing Australias Gold Coast mainly indicates the opportunities for Gold Coast that will help to widen the visitation of the tourists in an efficient way. As per the article, the intention is to convert the urban area Gold Coast into a city that will be mainly utilized by the both inbound and outbound tourists. This can be made possible through fast augmentation of the council of Gold Coast that hunts for diversification of the culture, financial system and the daily life of the people of the particular city. The particular article examines this transformation by the process of reviewing the programs, projects and policies that arise from the vision of Gold Coast City Council regarding the particular town that achieves benefits from the data and information that are regarding the improvement of the city. Secondly, it has been found that this particular research paper mainly aims to identify the challeng es and opportunities in the development of the budding sophisticated town as a city of health and knowledge (Epublications.bond.edu.au 2016). This research work mainly highlights on larger health and knowledge nodes along with main highways. However, this also examines the potential for the development of a system consisting of minor nodules along with enriched transportation system. Therefore, it can also be said that this research work provides an additional integrated and holistic outlook in order to sustain both the city and area in the long run. Overview of methodological approach: This particular research work has been done on the basis of the documentary research of the secondary materials. These include the documents of the government plans and policy that are related to the economic development, community planning, urban design and major infrastructure projects (Punch 2013). In addition to this, the documentary research is supplemented by the spatial analysis. This involves visiting the field to the minor and major health and/ or knowledge nodes in the contexts of suburban and urban. Overview of research strategy: A particular research strategy helps the researcher to investigate the problem statements of the research work. Therefore, it can be said that research strategy is a general plan that helps the researcher to answer the research questions in an accurate and systematic manner (Creswell 2013). A research strategy is considered as the effective method only if the strategy contains research aims and objectives, research questions and data collection resources. Research strategy is also helpful to the research as it helps to gather data through particular data collection methods. It can also be said that in an effective research strategy, a researcher might gather background information and can analyze the collected data and information to reach a particular conclusion (Steyerberg et al. 2013). In this article, the particular researcher has opted for two important research strategies analysis of the literature review and case study. Overview of data collection methods: In the particular research study, the researcher has collected data from the secondary resources. This includes the case study on Gold Coast, books related to the research topic, websites, previous journals and articles. Therefore, in this research work, qualitative analysis has been performed in order to analyze the gathered data (Smith 2015). Implications of research for the proposed research project: The findings of this research paper will help in practical application for the council of Gold Coast City by providing critical review regarding the strengthening of current programs and policies of the Council on knowledge precincts, urban health and health hubs (Amelung and Nicholls 2014). In addition to these, the particular research work will also help to study the other cities that are primarily based on travel and tourism dependency. Therefore, this research study and its findings will also help the researcher in the proposed research work, as the findings will help to gather data regarding the opportunities for Gold Coast that will widen the visitation of the tourists in an efficient way. Overview of research study: The article International Visitors in Australia mainly indicates the reasons and also recommends a few steps by implementing which the arrival of the international visitors in Australia has increased. Thus, this particular article helps to understand the reasons for increased numbers of visitors in Australia and this will also help the researcher to predict the trend of tourism industry or numbers of visitors who will visit Gold Coast in future. This research study has been performed based on the survey of the international visitors who visit Australia. This specific article is the quarterly report of the international visitor survey for the month of June 2013 (Tra.gov.au 2016). Overview of methodological approach: This particular research work has been done on the basis of the primary research. This includes the survey of international visitors and for this a fixed sample size has been selected. On the basis of the survey, in this research work, quantitative analysis of the collected data and information has been performed. As per the particular article, it has been found that the International Visitor Survey (IVS) mainly symbolizes the sources of comprehensive data and information regarding the worldwide travelers to the particular country. The IVS samples of 40,000 depart temporary global travelers who are 15 years old or more and those who visits the particular nation (Dedekorkut-Howes and Bosman 2015). The survey of the specified research work has been performed by Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing in the department of leaving sprawls of eight key intercontinental airports. These include the Gold Coast, Darwin, Adelaide, Perth, Cairns, Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne. Overview of research strategy: A research strategy is considered as the effective method only if the strategy contains research aims and objectives, research questions and data collection resources. However, in this particular article, research questions are provided. Research strategy is helpful to the research as it helps to gather data through particular data collection methods (Segall 2013). It can also be said that in an effective research strategy, a researcher might gather background information and can analyze the collected data and information to reach a particular conclusion. In this article, the particular researcher has opted for only one research strategy and that is the survey analysis. It has been found that the survey analysis strategy helps the researcher of the research study to gather quantitative information and data. More, this survey strategy also helps the researcher to gather general views of people. Overview of data collection methods: The researcher of the particular research work has conducted a survey and from this survey the researcher has collected various data and information regarding the research topic. The survey was consisted of 100 questions that were supported by show-cards in order to guide the participants of the survey to respond to the answer in some specific areas (Creswell 2013). These specific areas include repeat visitation, usual place of residence, group tours, activities, demographics, expenditure, travel party, accommodation and transportation, purposes of visit and places visited and sources for achieving information regarding Australia. Therefore, it can be said that the data and information were collected by conducting a survey and these data were analyzed by the researcher quantitatively. Implications of research for the proposed research project Therefore, this research study and its findings will also help the researcher in the proposed research work, as the findings will help to gather data regarding the causes for increased numbers of visitors in Australia. This will also help the researcher to predict the trend of tourism industry or numbers of visitors who will visit Gold Coast in future (Dredge and Jamal 2013). The particular article will help to understand the facts and figures and on the basis of these the proposed research can be done easily. Overview of research study: The article The Critical Decade Queensland climate impacts and opportunities mainly indicates the chief challenges that Gold Coast faces and the recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the business in Gold Coast. In this article primarily the adverse effect of the climatic change has been highlighted on Queensland as well as on Gold Coast. The particular article focuses that the tourism industry of Queensland is at risk due to climatic change (Ma and Hassink 2013). It has also been highlighted that the rise in the sea-level has threatened the lifestyles and properties of Queensland. At present, it has been found that the Gold Coast has more houses than any other part in Queensland. However, it has been noted that most of the houses in the Gold Coast lies within 110 meter of erodible coastline (Climatecouncil.org.au 2016). Therefore, over 4,000 residential buildings in the Gold Coast are at risk (Climatecouncil.org.au 2016). Moreover, there is a probability that the potent ial spread of dengue fever will increase sharply in the particular area causing human health hazards. These act as the major challenges for the growth of tourism industry in Gold Coast. Overview of methodological approach: This particular research work has been done on the basis of the documentary research of the secondary materials. These include the documents of the government plans and policy that is related to the economic development, community planning, built environment, coasts at risk, agriculture and human health. In addition to this, the documentary research is supplemented by the spatial analysis. Overview of research strategy: Research strategy helps to gather data through particular data collection methods. It can also be said that in an effective research strategy, a researcher might gather background information and can analyze the collected data and information to reach a particular conclusion (Farrington 2012). In this article, the particular researcher has opted for only one important research strategy and that is analysis of the literature review. Overview of data collection methods: In the particular research study, the researcher has collected data from the secondary resources. This includes books related to the research topic, websites, previous journals and articles. Therefore, in this research work, qualitative analysis has been performed in order to analyze the gathered data (Marshall and Rossman 2014). Implications of research for the proposed research project Therefore, this research study and its findings will help the researcher in the proposed research work, as the findings will help to gather data regarding the chief challenges that Gold Coast faces. It will also help to recommend the steps for improving the effectiveness of the business in Gold Coast. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that each of the three articles provides with various data, information, facts and figures will help the researcher to perform the proposed research work. The methodology for conducting survey and also for collecting data and information through secondary resources can also be better understood from the above articles. The importance of implementing various research strategies based on different aspects can also be considered as a helpful element for the researcher to complete the proposed research study. Moreover, the various methods of data collection will also provide the researcher with different opinions in order to conduct the particular proposed research study successfully. References Amelung, B. and Nicholls, S., 2014. Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia.Tourism Management,41, pp.228-244. Climatecouncil.org.au. 2016.Climatecouncil.org.au. [online] Available at: https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/uploads/d71d70af18c737ae9f175598c831ae45.pdf [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Dedekorkut-Howes, A. and Bosman, C., 2015. The Gold Coast: Australias playground?.Cities,42, pp.70-84. Dredge, D. and Jamal, T., 2013. Mobilities on the Gold Coast, Australia: Implications for destination governance and sustainable tourism.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,21(4), pp.557-579. Epublications.bond.edu.au. 2016.Epublications.bond.edu.au. [online] Available at: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1146context=sustainable_development [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Farrington, D.P., Ohlin, L.E. and Wilson, J.Q., 2012.Understanding and controlling crime: Toward a new research strategy. Springer Science Business Media. Ma, M. and Hassink, R., 2013. An evolutionary perspective on tourism area development.Annals of Tourism Research,41, pp.89-109. Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B., 2014.Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. Punch, K.F., 2013.Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage. Segall, M.H., 2013. Aggression in global perspective: A research strategy.Aggression in Global Perspective: Pergamon General Psychology Series,115, p.1. Sharpley, R., 2014. Host perceptions of tourism: A review of the research.Tourism Management,42, pp.37-49. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Steyerberg, E.W., Moons, K.G., van der Windt, D.A., Hayden, J.A., Perel, P., Schroter, S., Riley, R.D., Hemingway, H., Altman, D.G. and PROGRESS Group, 2013. Prognosis Research Strategy (PROGRESS) 3: prognostic model research.PLoS Med,10(2), p.e1001381. Epublications.bond.edu.au. 2016.Epublications.bond.edu.au. [online] Available at: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1146context=sustainable_development [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Tra.gov.au. 2016.tra.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.tra.gov.au/documents/International_visitors_in_Australia_June_Qtr_2013.pdf [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Climatecouncil.org.au. 2016.Climatecouncil.org.au. [online] Available at: https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/uploads/d71d70af18c737ae9f175598c831ae45.pdf [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. tra.gov.au. 2016.tra.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.tra.gov.au/documents/International_visitors_in_Australia_June_Qtr_2013.pdf [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016].

WWF Wrestling Essays - WWE, World Championship Wrestling

WWF Wrestling The company that I researched for this paper is the World Wrestling Federation Entertainment. The company was organized and founded in the early 1940's by Vincent McMahon Sr. The current owner and CEO is McMachon's son, Vincent Kennedy McMahon Jr. The World Wrestling Federation (WWF) is headquarters in the Titan Tower, in Stamford Connecticut. The WWF specializes in the area of Pro Wrestling, which are "scripted fights" in which highly trained athletes simulate a fighting experience. The "sport" of Pro Wrestling has been around since the middle of the 19th century. In early times the "fighting" was real (in fact Abe Lincoln was an early wrestling champion) but the fighting turned"fake" in the early 1990's. The performers in Pro Wrestling are regarded as independent contractors who sign with an individual company to perform exclusively with that company. There are currently no unions, benefits, or retirement plans for any of the wrestling performers, a controversial topic in the industry. This practice may change in the future. Today, Pro Wrestling is a billion dollar business with its "performers" recognized throughout the civilized world. The are a wide variety of products and services offered by the WWF. The main service offered by the company is entertainment by way of television programming. The WWF produces a number of television shows throughout the United States and abroad, and have had a tremendous amount of success. Many of their recent successes have been: - announced approximately a 230% increase for television advertising gross sales for calendar fourth quarter at $33 million compared to $10 million in calendar fourth quarter 1998 (wwf.com) -The success of their flag ship program, RAW IS WAR, on the USA Cable Network. Which is currently averaging around a 7.0 market share on Monday nights. It is the number #1 show with the male 16-34 year old audience. (1wrestling.com) -The WWF recently introduced the newest show, SMACKDOWN, on the UPN Network, on Thursday nights. The show is a run away success for the station and WWF averaging a Neilson rating in the middle fours. -The WWF also produces two other successful shows in Sunday Night HEAT, and WWF SUPERSTARS. And the company has shows in national syndication with WWF Jakked and WWF Livewire. The WWF specializes in Pay Per View broadcasting. The WWF has these "specials" once a month and have run these specials since 1985, being the largest revenue earner in Pay 2 Per View history (Mike Tyson is second on the list). For example the past WWF Pay Per View, "Royal Rumble 2000," drew a 1.58 buy rate, which would translate into about 600,000 buys. The special aired for $29.99 by most cable and satellite dish providers. The WWF also does extremely well selling tickets for these live events to be aired on television. They have a streak of roughly around three years with straight sellouts for their "live feed" broadcast (with include Raw Is War's, Smackdown's, and the Pay Per Views). The WWF also put their stamp on other projects. They have a large hand in merchandising souvenirs for their fans. Items such as shirts, hats, posters, keychains, beer holders, etc... can be purchased at live shows, a local shopping mall, or at WWF.com. Recently the WWF has expanded its company. This past fall, the WWF released several million IPO's and gained over 1.5 billion dollars in capital from the stock. With this increase in capital the WWF (for its second year) purchased air time during the Superbowl. In 1999 the WWF was 3rd on the USA Today "Best New Company Commercial" list. Also, this past month the WWF has announced plans to create a new football league, titled the XFL. The league has announced six of eight cities that will participate this January. The WWF also dabbled in the realm of literature this past year. WWF superstar "Mankind" a.k.a. Mick Foley and his book, "Have a Nice Day" spent 5 weeks at number one a top the New York Times Best Sellers List. And WWF superstar "The Rock," a.k.a. Dwayne Johnson spent seven weeks in the N.Y. Times Best Sellers Top Five.Overall this is a company with a wide variety of successful products and services. THE FUTURE OF WRESTLING The future of this industry is very strong as the WWF has destroyed its Compitition for the past three years, as I'll talk more about. With the substantial increase in capital from the IPO, the WWF has vowed to improve their technical and television capabilities, which should result in a growth for the company. However it is

WOMENS RIGHT TO VOTE essays

WOMENS RIGHT TO VOTE essays In the 1900s, there was a constant struggle for women in society. The right to vote had become a major issue in England and eventually migrated its way over to the United States. Women had to deal with difficult social condition in order to achieve their goal of obtaining the right to vote. The vote was more then simply what it states it is. To women, the vote represents a symbol, of citizenship, liberty, and freedom, a safeguard, of these liberties, and most of all an instrument which encourages the people for more than what the forefathers had gotten. At this time, women had a lot of strife to cope with, especially in regards to family life. Marriage was a influential issue in the argument over the right to vote. This act was said to be unjust and unequal and women believed that their right to vote could make it fair and wise. It has been said that marriage was made for women by men. Women believe that they should have a point of view which matters in the subject matter of marriage. If a woman was to be wed, she would have to give up her economic independence and employment for his security. The married man had last say in every aspect of life, even in the decision of the future for his child, including religion, education and everything in between. The wife has no legal voice, no claim on income and is forced to be content whether she is starving or not. The man decides how much food, shelter, money and clothes he provides her with. Also expanding on the same idea of inequality, after all the training women from schools, almost all posts and professorships are given to men. Women believed that the Parliamentary vote will eventually make life easier for women. Political equality is the key which is needed to unlock the door. Home is an important part of society in which everyone in the nation has. Home is a place where every child can be a happy and useful member of society and women feel like their contri...

Case study in franchising store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study in franchising store - Essay Example Franchising is supposed to be the best option for expansion and revenue generation as it offers sustainable growth oriented business models without any cost incurred by the organisation. However, for the franchisee, it is very important to ensure that the brand image of the franchisor is retained and further developed. Such concern often raises conflicts between the two parties. This paper will attempt to analyse issues related to franchising based on the case study of a franchising company. For this purpose, an organisation with franchising business model will be selected and its franchising related issues will be figured out. At first, a brief history of the organisation will be discussed to understand its business franchising model. Next, the issues underlying the franchising operations will be pointed out. For analysis and evaluation purpose, relevant data obtaining method will be discussed. Finally, the paper will conclude with some recommendations based on the analysis of the indentified issues. For this project, the McDonald’s franchising business has been selected for case study. McDonald is a leading fast food retailer in the global fast food retail sector. It is operating in around 117 countries with nearly 32,000 local restaurants (McDonalds-a, 2010). In 1940, Dick and Mac McDonald opened a restaurant called ‘McDonald’s Bar-B-Que’ in California and later in 1948 it was named as McDonald’s. For the last 70 years, the giant food retailer has been operating its fast food business quite successfully (McDonalds-b, 2010). Satisfactory food quality and efficient services of McDonald has made it a brand image in the fast food service sector. For expansion purpose, the company had adapted franchising strategy in 1955 and at present, around 75% of its total restaurants are operated by independent franchisees. Currently,

A Plan For Productivity Improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Plan For Productivity Improvement - Essay Example This plan may be improved if Grady would consider motivating the employees to accomplish the organization’s goals. Here, instead of asking them to set personal goals, Grady should encourage them to contribute ideas that would be considered when setting the goals of the organization. This would not only ensure that the employees feel that they are valued and that they have control of the organization’s decisions to a significant extent but also create goals that are unanimously accepted. Moreover, instead of concentrating on motivating them using money, Grady can consider different ways such as improving the working environment to make it safer. The chances that the employees would lose interest of Grady’s plan after a short success are high. This is because employees require flexibility so as to maintain a lively atmosphere. In order to ensure that the organization remains lively, creativity is called upon to not only improve the existing strategies to make them better but also establish new ones. This would not only guarantee higher productivity from the employees but also ensure organization’s survival amid competition. Therefore, the organization must devise strategies to not only improve it but also ensure that it does to bring boredom to the

Information Technology Essay Example for Free

Information Technology Essay Information technology refers to the collection of tools that make it easier to use, create, manage and exchange information. The Internet is the latest of a long series of information technologies, which includes printing, mail, radio, television and the telephone. It is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Information technology refers to the study and development of a support-management based, computerized information system. The development is mainly observed in the form of dedicated software applications and a number of hardware programs. The advantages of IT include work place cost-effectiveness and essential globalization. Why is Information Technology Important ? All our work related applications are now completely automated, thanks to the IT sector. IT professionals are people involved in essential management of sensitive data, exclusive computer networking and systems-engineering. The advancement of the IT sector has resulted in automated: Administration of entire systems. †¢ Globalization True globalization has come about only via this automated system. The creation of one interdependent system helps us to share information and end linguistic barriers across the continents. The collapse of geographic boundaries has made the world a global village. The technology has not only made communication cheaper, but also possible much quicker and round the clock. The wonders of text messages, email and auto-response, backed by computer security applications, have opened up scope for direct communication. †¢ Cost-effective Computerized, internet business processes have made many businesses turn to the Internet for increased productivity, greater profitability, clutter free working conditions and global clientà ¨le. It is mainly due to the IT industry that business have been able to make their processes more streamlined, thereby becoming more cost-effective and consequently more profitable. People are able to operate their businesses 247, even from remote locations only due to the advent of information technology. †¢ Communication Quick and effective communication is vital to any business anywhere in the world. Information technology gives an entrepreneur or business the tools, like email, video conferencing, SMS, etc., essential to communicate efficiently and effectively. to the business world, and information technology gives your company the resources it needs to communicate quickly and effectively. Not only do people connect faster with the help of information technology, but they are also able to identify like-minded individuals and extend help, while strengthening ties. †¢ Storing and Protecting Information IT provides a low-cost business options to store and maintain information that may be important from a business or service point of view. Virtual vaults and other such security systems not only store vital data but also allow control over the access to such information. IT security systems will also protect virtual data from being hacked or wiped out in case of any technical failure. †¢ Creation of New Jobs One of the biggest advantage of IT has been the creation of a whole new field of opportunity for skilled personnel leading to new and interesting jobs. Hardware and software developers, computer programmers, web designers, system analyst, the list of new jobs created could go on. IT has also been attributed to be the major cause of surge in the economies of certain Third World nations too. Things that were once done manually or by hand have now become easier and faster due to the advent of a computing technology. Our world today has changed a great deal with the aid of IT which has penetrated almost every aspect of our daily lives and society, from leisure to business. IT has become a part of our day-to-day lives through the evident use of PCs, Internet, cell phones, faxes, the list would seem endless. Let us hope that newer development in the field of IT can provide benefits to our future generations, just as it has greatly benefited ours. The Importance of Modern Technology Modern technology has become so entrenched in the idea of a modern society that the two are nearly inseparable. Developing countries try to get better utilities, more vehicles, faster computers, as well as Internet and cell phone providers because thats what makes a modern society. Modern technology must be implemented in order to accomplish the feats required of a modern society. Health One of the biggest benefits of modern technology is that human longevity and health have improved because of its application. As understanding of the body and its functions improves, and as new tools to help heal it (lasers, sonograms, enhanced medication, and nonintrusive surgical tools, just to name a few) are created, life lasts longer. Not only does life extend, but people can live more comfortably, and recover from wounds and diseases that even a half a century ago would have been fatal. In many cases these people live full, productive lives. Communication Modern technology has revolutionized how people communicate. Since World War II, telecommunications and mass media have been growing by leaps and bounds. Radio, telephone, satellite communication, cellular technology, wireless Internet in the modern day two people can chat via a computer when theyre on opposite sides of the planet. Communication has shrunk the world, bringing people from all cultures and backgrounds into contact with each other. Resources Modern technology allows resources to be expanded and for previously unused ones to be tapped into. If electricity is the lifeblood of a modern society, for instance, modern technology allows it to be harnessed in new ways. Coal-fired plants and gas-driven turbines are old, but serviceable. Wind and tidal generators use modern technology to harness forces on a scale that our ancestors would have thought impossible. Modern technology has also provided ways to grow more food, transport more people and make more products for a growing society. Knowledge What modern technology really represents is an increase in knowledge and how people can use it. Modern technology is usually the direct result of discovery and experimentation. Technology is defined as the scientific method being used to achieve a commercial or industrial goal. So to create technology, a bigger base of knowledge and understanding must be created from which to draw on. As improvements are made to technology, so too are improvements made to the pool of knowledge.

The Little Prince Essay -- Art Literature Papers

The Little Prince In "Art as Technique" Russian formalist Viktor Shklovsky introduces defamiliarisation as a literary device to help readers regain our sensation of things, which we have become unaware of, as our perception gets automatised through habitualisation (Shklovsky, 20). Shklovsky then goes on to engage in a discussion of the methodologies employed in creating the effect of defamiliarisation, treating defamiliarisation as purely a technique of art. However this may be an oversimplification of the concept of defamiliarisation, which is based upon certain principles of perception, and perception is in turn a central component of social cognition. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to explore the relations between the effect of defamiliarisation and the social cognitive elements of perception. Through the use of Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry's The Little Prince, the defamiliarisation effect can be explained by the non-conformation of its elements of discourse, namely genre, character filter, soci al setting and the use of poetic language, to the cognitive structures of prototypes, schemas and heuristics held by the adult reader. For those who are unfamiliar with the story of The Little Prince, this narrative depicts the adventures of a little prince from a distant star as he embarks on a journey to six other planets. He finds, isolated on each planet, a king with only a rat as his subject, a conceited man, a drinker, a business man who own stars, a lamplighter forever lighting and extinguishing a single street lamp, and a geographer who does not explore his own planet. Finally the little prince makes his way to Earth, where he meets a fox and learns to tame it. Upon roaming about the desert, the little prince chances upon ... ...ation, however, is that it is subjective, depending on the type of reader of the narrative, as well as the social context which the reader is socialised into. Hence, while The Little Prince is able to create a defamiliarising effect on its adult readers, it may or may not be able to defamiliarise its children readers using the same elements of discourse. Works Cited Howard, Judith A. "Social Cognition". Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology. Massachussetts: Allyn & Bacon. 1995. 90-117. Neale, Stephen. "Expectation and Verisimilitude". Excerpted from "Questions of Genre". Film Genre Reader II. Ed. Barry Keith Grant. Austin: U of Texas P. 1995. 159-183. Saint-Exupà ©ry, de Antoine. The Little Prince. London: Penguin, 1998. Shklovsky, Victor. "Art as Technique". Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader. Ed. David Lodge. Harlow: Longman, 1988. 15-30. The Little Prince Essay -- Art Literature Papers The Little Prince In "Art as Technique" Russian formalist Viktor Shklovsky introduces defamiliarisation as a literary device to help readers regain our sensation of things, which we have become unaware of, as our perception gets automatised through habitualisation (Shklovsky, 20). Shklovsky then goes on to engage in a discussion of the methodologies employed in creating the effect of defamiliarisation, treating defamiliarisation as purely a technique of art. However this may be an oversimplification of the concept of defamiliarisation, which is based upon certain principles of perception, and perception is in turn a central component of social cognition. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to explore the relations between the effect of defamiliarisation and the social cognitive elements of perception. Through the use of Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry's The Little Prince, the defamiliarisation effect can be explained by the non-conformation of its elements of discourse, namely genre, character filter, soci al setting and the use of poetic language, to the cognitive structures of prototypes, schemas and heuristics held by the adult reader. For those who are unfamiliar with the story of The Little Prince, this narrative depicts the adventures of a little prince from a distant star as he embarks on a journey to six other planets. He finds, isolated on each planet, a king with only a rat as his subject, a conceited man, a drinker, a business man who own stars, a lamplighter forever lighting and extinguishing a single street lamp, and a geographer who does not explore his own planet. Finally the little prince makes his way to Earth, where he meets a fox and learns to tame it. Upon roaming about the desert, the little prince chances upon ... ...ation, however, is that it is subjective, depending on the type of reader of the narrative, as well as the social context which the reader is socialised into. Hence, while The Little Prince is able to create a defamiliarising effect on its adult readers, it may or may not be able to defamiliarise its children readers using the same elements of discourse. Works Cited Howard, Judith A. "Social Cognition". Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology. Massachussetts: Allyn & Bacon. 1995. 90-117. Neale, Stephen. "Expectation and Verisimilitude". Excerpted from "Questions of Genre". Film Genre Reader II. Ed. Barry Keith Grant. Austin: U of Texas P. 1995. 159-183. Saint-Exupà ©ry, de Antoine. The Little Prince. London: Penguin, 1998. Shklovsky, Victor. "Art as Technique". Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader. Ed. David Lodge. Harlow: Longman, 1988. 15-30.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Fourteen

Catelyn Ned and the girls were eight days gone when Maester Luwin came to her one night in Bran's sickroom, carrying a reading lamp and the books of account. â€Å"It is past time that we reviewed the figures, my lady,† he said. â€Å"You'll want to know how much this royal visit cost us.† Catelyn looked at Bran in his sickbed and brushed his hair back off his forehead. It had grown very long, she realized. She would have to cut it soon. â€Å"I have no need to look at figures, Maester Luwin,† she told him, never taking her eyes from Bran. â€Å"I know what the visit cost us. Take the books away.† â€Å"My lady, the king's party had healthy appetites. We must replenish our stores before—† She cut him off. â€Å"I said, take the books away. The steward will attend to our needs.† â€Å"We have no steward,† Maester Luwin reminded her. Like a little grey rat, she thought, he would not let go. â€Å"Poole went south to establish Lord Eddard's household at King's Landing.† Catelyn nodded absently. â€Å"Oh, yes. I remember.† Bran looked so pale. She wondered whether they might move his bed under the window, so he could get the morning sun. Maester Luwin set the lamp in a niche by the door and fiddled with its wick. â€Å"There are several appointments that require your immediate attention, my lady. Besides the steward, we need a captain of the guards to fill Jory's place, a new master of horse—† Her eyes snapped around and found him. â€Å"A master of horse?† Her voice was a whip. The maester was shaken. â€Å"Yes, my lady. Hullen rode south with Lord Eddard, so—† â€Å"My son lies here broken and dying, Luwin, and you wish to discuss a new master of horse? Do you think I care what happens in the stables? Do you think it matters to me one whit? I would gladly butcher every horse in Winterfell with my own hands if it would open Bran's eyes, do you understand that? Do you?† He bowed his head. â€Å"Yes, my lady, but the appointments—† â€Å"I'll make the appointments,† Robb said. Catelyn had not heard him enter, but there he stood in the doorway, looking at her. She had been shouting, she realized with a sudden flush of shame. What was happening to her? She was so tired, and her head hurt all the time. Maester Luwin looked from Catelyn to her son. â€Å"I have prepared a list of those we might wish to consider for the vacant offices,† he said, offering Robb a paper plucked from his sleeve. Her son glanced at the names. He had come from outside, Catelyn saw; his cheeks were red from the cold, his hair shaggy and windblown. â€Å"Good men,† he said. â€Å"We'll talk about them tomorrow.† He handed back the list of names. â€Å"Very good, my lord.† The paper vanished into his sleeve. â€Å"Leave us now,† Robb said. Maester Luwin bowed and departed. Robb closed the door behind him and turned to her. He was wearing a sword, she saw. â€Å"Mother, what are you doing?† Catelyn had always thought Robb looked like her; like Bran and Rickon and Sansa, he had the Tully coloring, the auburn hair, the blue eyes. Yet now for the first time she saw something of Eddard Stark in his face, something as stern and hard as the north. â€Å"What am I doing?† she echoed, puzzled. â€Å"How can you ask that? What do you imagine I'm doing? I am taking care of your brother. I am taking care of Bran.† â€Å"Is that what you call it? You haven't left this room since Bran was hurt. You didn't even come to the gate when Father and the girls went south.† â€Å"I said my farewells to them here, and watched them ride out from that window.† She had begged Ned not to go, not now, not after what had happened; everything had changed now, couldn't he see that? It was no use. He had no choice, he had told her, and then he left, choosing. â€Å"I can't leave him, even for a moment, not when any moment could be his last. I have to be with him, if . . . if . . . † She took her son's limp hand, sliding his fingers through her own. He was so frail and thin, with no strength left in his hand, but she could still feel the warmth of life through his skin. Robb's voice softened. â€Å"He's not going to die, Mother. Maester Luwin says the time of greatest danger has passed.† â€Å"And what if Maester Luwin is wrong? What if Bran needs me and I'm not here?† â€Å"Rickon needs you,† Robb said sharply. â€Å"He's only three, he doesn't understand what's happening. He thinks everyone has deserted him, so he follows me around all day, clutching my leg and crying. I don't know what to do with him.† He paused a moment, chewing on his lower lip the way he'd done when he was little. â€Å"Mother, I need you too. I'm trying but I can't . . . I can't do it all by myself.† His voice broke with sudden emotion, and Catelyn remembered that he was only fourteen. She wanted to get up and go to him, but Bran was still holding her hand and she could not move. Outside the tower, a wolf began to howl. Catelyn trembled, just for a second. â€Å"Bran's.† Robb opened the window and let the night air into the stuffy tower room. The howling grew louder. It was a cold and lonely sound, full of melancholy and despair. â€Å"Don't,† she told him. â€Å"Bran needs to stay warm.† â€Å"He needs to hear them sing,† Robb said. Somewhere out in Winterfell, a second wolf began to howl in chorus with the first. Then a third, closer. â€Å"Shaggydog and Grey Wind,† Robb said as their voices rose and fell together. â€Å"You can tell them apart if you listen close.† Catelyn was shaking. It was the grief, the cold, the howling of the direwolves. Night after night, the howling and the cold wind and the grey empty castle, on and on they went, never changing, and her boy lying there broken, the sweetest of her children, the gentlest, Bran who loved to laugh and climb and dreamt of knighthood, all gone now, she would never hear him laugh again. Sobbing, she pulled her hand free of his and covered her ears against those terrible howls. â€Å"Make them stop!† she cried. â€Å"I can't stand it, make them stop, make them stop, kill them all if you must, just make them stop!† She didn't remember falling to the floor, but there she was, and Robb was lifting her, holding her in strong arms. â€Å"Don't be afraid, Mother. They would never hurt him.† He helped her to her narrow bed in the corner of the sickroom. â€Å"Close your eyes,† he said gently. â€Å"Rest. Maester Luwin tells me you've hardly slept since Bran's fall.† â€Å"I can't,† she wept. â€Å"Gods forgive me, Robb, I can't, what if he dies while I'm asleep, what if he dies, what if he dies . . . † The wolves were still howling. She screamed and held her ears again. â€Å"Oh, gods, close the window!† â€Å"If you swear to me you'll sleep.† Robb went to the window, but as he reached for the shutters another sound was added to the mournful howling of the direwolves. â€Å"Dogs,† he said, listening. â€Å"All the dogs are barking. They've never done that before . . . † Catelyn heard his breath catch in his throat. When she looked up, his face was pale in the lamplight. â€Å"Fire,† he whispered. Fire, she thought, and then, Bran! â€Å"Help me,† she said urgently, sitting up. â€Å"Help me with Bran.† Robb did not seem to hear her. â€Å"The library tower's on fire,† he said. Catelyn could see the flickering reddish light through the open window now. She sagged with relief. Bran was safe. The library was across the bailey, there was no way the fire would reach them here. â€Å"Thank the gods,† she whispered. Robb looked at her as if she'd gone mad. â€Å"Mother, stay here. I'll come back as soon as the fire's out.† He ran then. She heard him shout to the guards outside the room, heard them descending together in a wild rush, taking the stairs two and three at a time. Outside, there were shouts of â€Å"Fire!† in the yard, screams, running footsteps, the whinny of frightened horses, and the frantic barking of the castle dogs. The howling was gone, she realized as she listened to the cacophony. The direwolves had fallen silent. Catelyn said a silent prayer of thanks to the seven faces of god as she went to the window. Across the bailey, long tongues of flame shot from the windows of the library. She watched the smoke rise into the sky and thought sadly of all the books the Starks had gathered over the centuries. Then she closed the shutters. When she turned away from the window, the man was in the room with her. â€Å"You weren't s'posed to be here,† he muttered sourly. â€Å"No one was s'posed to be here.† He was a small, dirty man in filthy brown clothing, and he stank of horses. Catelyn knew all the men who worked in their stables, and he was none of them. He was gaunt, with limp blond hair and pale eyes deep-sunk in a bony face, and there was a dagger in his hand. Catelyn looked at the knife, then at Bran. â€Å"No,† she said. The word stuck in her throat, the merest whisper. He must have heard her. â€Å"It's a mercy,† he said. â€Å"He's dead already.† â€Å"No,† Catelyn said, louder now as she found her voice again. â€Å"No, you can't.† She spun back toward the window to scream for help, but the man moved faster than she would have believed. One hand clamped down over her mouth and yanked back her head, the other brought the dagger up to her windpipe. The stench of him was overwhelming. She reached up with both hands and grabbed the blade with all her strength, pulling it away from her throat. She heard him cursing into her ear. Her fingers were slippery with blood, but she would not let go of the dagger. The hand over her mouth clenched more tightly, shutting off her air. Catelyn twisted her head to the side and managed to get a piece of his flesh between her teeth. She bit down hard into his palm. The man grunted in pain. She ground her teeth together and tore at him, and all of a sudden he let go. The taste of his blood filled her mouth. She sucked in air and screamed, and he grabbed her hair and pulled her away from him, and she stumbled and went down, and then he was standing over her, breathing hard, shaking. The dagger was still clutched tightly in his right hand, slick with blood. â€Å"You weren't s'posed to be here,† he repeated stupidly. Catelyn saw the shadow slip through the open door behind him. There was a low rumble, less than a snarl, the merest whisper of a threat, but he must have heard something, because he started to turn just as the wolf made its leap. They went down together, half sprawled over Catelyn where she'd fallen. The wolf had him under the jaw. The man's shriek lasted less than a second before the beast wrenched back its head, taking out half his throat. His blood felt like warm rain as it sprayed across her face. The wolf was looking at her. Its jaws were red and wet and its eyes glowed golden in the dark room. It was Bran's wolf, she realized. Of course it was. â€Å"Thank you,† Catelyn whispered, her voice faint and tiny. She lifted her hand, trembling. The wolf padded closer, sniffed at her fingers, then licked at the blood with a wet rough tongue. When it had cleaned all the blood off her hand, it turned away silently and jumped up on Bran's bed and lay down beside him. Catelyn began to laugh hysterically. That was the way they found them, when Robb and Maester Luwin and Ser Rodrik burst in with half the guards in Winterfell. When the laughter finally died in her throat, they wrapped her in warm blankets and led her back to the Great Keep, to her own chambers. Old Nan undressed her and helped her into a scalding hot bath and washed the blood off her with a soft cloth. Afterward Maester Luwin arrived to dress her wounds. The cuts in her fingers went deep, almost to the bone, and her scalp was raw and bleeding where he'd pulled out a handful of hair. The maester told her the pain was just starting now, and gave her milk of the poppy to help her sleep. Finally she closed her eyes. When she opened them again, they told her that she had slept four days. Catelyn nodded and sat up in bed. It all seemed like a nightmare to her now, everything since Bran's fall, a terrible dream of blood and grief, but she had the pain in her hands to remind her that it was real. She felt weak and light-headed, yet strangely resolute, as if a great weight had lifted from her. â€Å"Bring me some bread and honey,† she told her servants, â€Å"and take word to Maester Luwin that my bandages want changing.† They looked at her in surprise and ran to do her bidding. Catelyn remembered the way she had been before, and she was ashamed. She had let them all down, her children, her husband, her House. It would not happen again. She would show these northerners how strong a Tully of Riverrun could be. Robb arrived before her food. Rodrik Cassel came with him, and her husband's ward Theon Greyjoy, and lastly Hallis Mollen, a muscular guardsman with a square brown beard. He was the new captain of the guard, Robb said. Her son was dressed in boiled leather and ringmail, she saw, and a sword hung at his waist. â€Å"Who was he?† Catelyn asked them. â€Å"No one knows his name,† Hallis Mollen told her. â€Å"He was no man of Winterfell, m'lady, but some says they seen him here and about the castle these past few weeks.† â€Å"One of the king's men, then,† she said, â€Å"or one of the Lannisters'. He could have waited behind when the others left.† â€Å"Maybe,† Hal said. â€Å"With all these strangers filling up Winterfell of late, there's no way of saying who he belonged to.† â€Å"He'd been hiding in your stables,† Greyjoy said. â€Å"You could smell it on him.† â€Å"And how could he go unnoticed?† she said sharply. Hallis Mollen looked abashed. â€Å"Between the horses Lord Eddard took south and them we sent north to the Night's Watch, the stalls were half-empty. It were no great trick to hide from the stableboys. Could be Hodor saw him, the talk is that boy's been acting queer, but simple as he is . . . † Hal shook his head. â€Å"We found where he'd been sleeping,† Robb put in. â€Å"He had ninety silver stags in a leather bag buried beneath the straw.† â€Å"It's good to know my son's life was not sold cheaply,† Catelyn said bitterly. Hallis Mollen looked at her, confused. â€Å"Begging your grace, m'lady, you saying he was out to kill your boy?† Greyjoy was doubtful. â€Å"That's madness.† â€Å"He came for Bran,† Catelyn said. â€Å"He kept muttering how I wasn't supposed to be there. He set the library fire thinking I would rush to put it out, taking any guards with me. If I hadn't been half-mad with grief, it would have worked.† â€Å"Why would anyone want to kill Bran?† Robb said. â€Å"Gods, he's only a little boy, helpless, sleeping . . . â€Å" Catelyn gave her firstborn a challenging look. â€Å"If you are to rule in the north, you must think these things through, Robb. Answer your own question. Why would anyone want to kill a sleeping child?† Before he could answer, the servants returned with a plate of food fresh from the kitchen. There was much more than she'd asked for: hot bread, butter and honey and blackberry preserves, a rasher of bacon and a soft-boiled egg, a wedge of cheese, a pot of mint tea. And with it came Maester Luwin. â€Å"How is my son, Maester?† Catelyn looked at all the food and found she had no appetite. Maester Luwin lowered his eyes. â€Å"Unchanged, my lady.† It was the reply she had expected, no more and no less. Her hands throbbed with pain, as if the blade were still in her, cutting deep. She sent the servants away and looked back to Robb. â€Å"Do you have the answer yet?† â€Å"Someone is afraid Bran might wake up,† Robb said, â€Å"afraid of what he might say or do, afraid of something he knows.† Catelyn was proud of him. â€Å"Very good.† She turned to the new captain of the guard. â€Å"We must keep Bran safe. If there was one killer, there could be others.† â€Å"How many guards do you want, rn'lady?† Hal asked. â€Å"So long as Lord Eddard is away, my son is the master of Winterfell,† she told him. Robb stood a little taller. â€Å"Put one man in the sickroom, night and day, one outside the door, two at the bottom of the stairs. No one sees Bran without my warrant or my mother's.† â€Å"As you say, m'lord.† â€Å"Do it now,† Catelyn suggested. â€Å"And let his wolf stay in the room with him,† Robb added. â€Å"Yes,† Catelyn said. And then again: â€Å"Yes.† Hallis Mollen bowed and left the room. â€Å"Lady Stark,† Ser Rodrik said when the guardsman had gone, â€Å"did you chance to notice the dagger the killer used?† â€Å"The circumstances did not allow me to examine it closely, but I can vouch for its edge,† Catelyn replied with a dry smile. â€Å"Why do you ask?† â€Å"We found the knife still in the villain's grasp. It seemed to me that it was altogether too fine a weapon for such a man, so I looked at it long and hard. The blade is Valyrian steel, the hilt dragonbone. A weapon like that has no business being in the hands of such as him. Someone gave it to him.† Catelyn nodded, thoughtful. â€Å"Robb, close the door.† He looked at her strangely, but did as she told him. â€Å"What I am about to tell you must not leave this room,† she told them. â€Å"I want your oaths on that. If even part of what I suspect is true, Ned and my girls have ridden into deadly danger, and a word in the wrong ears could mean their lives.† â€Å"Lord Eddard is a second father to me,† said Theon Greyjoy. â€Å"I do so swear.† â€Å"You have my oath,† Maester Luwin said. â€Å"And mine, my lady,† echoed Ser Rodrik. She looked at her son. â€Å"And you, Robb?† He nodded his consent. â€Å"My sister Lysa believes the Lannisters murdered her husband, Lord Arryn, the Hand of the King,† Catelyn told them. â€Å"It comes to me that Jaime Lannister did not join the hunt the day Bran fell. He remained here in the castle.† The room was deathly quiet. â€Å"I do not think Bran fell from that tower,† she said into the stillness. â€Å"I think he was thrown.† The shock was plain on their faces. â€Å"My lady, that is a monstrous suggestion,† said Rodrik Cassel. â€Å"Even the Kingslayer would flinch at the murder of an innocent child.† â€Å"Oh, would he?† Theon Greyjoy asked. â€Å"I wonder.† â€Å"There is no limit to Lannister pride or Lannister ambition,† Catelyn said. â€Å"The boy had always been surehanded in the past,† Maester Luwin said thoughtfully. â€Å"He knew every stone in Winterfell.† â€Å"Gods,† Robb swore, his young face dark with anger. â€Å"If this is true, he will pay for it.† He drew his sword and waved it in the air. â€Å"I'll kill him myself!† Ser Rodrik bristled at him. â€Å"Put that away! The Lannisters are a hundred leagues away. Never draw your sword unless you mean to use it. How many times must I tell you, foolish boy?† Abashed, Robb sheathed his sword, suddenly a child again. Catelyn said to Ser Rodrik, â€Å"I see my son is wearing steel now.† The old master-at-arms said, â€Å"I thought it was time.† Robb was looking at her anxiously. â€Å"Past time,† she said. â€Å"Winterfell may have need of all its swords soon, and they had best not be made of wood.† Theon Greyjoy put a hand on the hilt of his blade and said, â€Å"My lady, if it comes to that, my House owes yours a great debt.† Maester Luwin pulled at his chain collar where it chafed against his neck. â€Å"All we have is conjecture. This is the queen's beloved brother we mean to accuse. She will not take it kindly. We must have proof, or forever keep silent.† â€Å"Your proof is in the dagger,† Ser Rodrik said. â€Å"A fine blade like that will not have gone unnoticed.† There was only one place to find the truth of it, Catelyn realized. â€Å"Someone must go to King's Landing.† â€Å"I'll go,† Robb said. â€Å"No,† she told him. â€Å"Your place is here. There must always be a Stark in Winterfell.† She looked at Ser Rodrik with his great white whiskers, at Maester Luwin in his grey robes, at young Greyjoy, lean and dark and impetuous. Who to send? Who would be believed? Then she knew. Catelyn struggled to push back the blankets, her bandaged fingers as stiff and unyielding as stone. She climbed out of bed. â€Å"I must go myself.† â€Å"My lady,† said Maester Luwin, â€Å"is that wise? Surely the Lannisters would greet your arrival with suspicion.† â€Å"What about Bran?† Robb asked. The poor boy looked utterly confused now. â€Å"You can't mean to leave him.† â€Å"I have done everything I can for Bran,† she said, laying a wounded hand on his arm. â€Å"His life is in the hands of the gods and Maester Luwin. As you reminded me yourself, Robb, I have other children to think of now.† â€Å"You will need a strong escort, my lady,† Theon said. â€Å"I'll send Hal with a squad of guardsmen,† Robb said. â€Å"No,† Catelyn said. â€Å"A large party attracts unwelcome attention. I would not have the Lannisters know I am coming.† Ser Rodrik protested. â€Å"My lady, let me accompany you at least. The kingsroad can be perilous for a woman alone.† â€Å"I will not be taking the kingsroad,† Catelyn replied. She thought for a moment, then nodded her consent. â€Å"Two riders can move as fast as one, and a good deal faster than a long column burdened by wagons and wheelhouses. I will welcome your company, Ser Rodrik. We will follow the White Knife down to the sea, and hire a ship at WhiteHarbor. Strong horses and brisk winds should bring us to King's Landing well ahead of Ned and the Lannisters.† And then, she thought, we shall see what we shall see.

Punishment or Child Abuse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 600 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Child Abuse Essay Did you like this example? There is a thin line between punishment and child abuse. Whereas approximately 70% of the Americans have approved corporal punishment, the law has candidly described itself on defining what entails an abusive behavior. The indictment of Adrian Peterson, an NFL player, for negligently injuring a child has provided the country with valuable lessons regarding the entire issue of punishment and abuse. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Punishment or Child Abuse" essay for you Create order Child abuse continues to happen in many households with many disguising it as an acceptable punishment. Research has shown that African Americans have a particular unique history with the issue of corporal punishment. For many years, child beating has been a common tendency among the black families. In an attempt to explain this, psychologists have attempted to give various arguments including its association with slavery. As blacks got involved in slavery, the punishment was primarily used as a way of instilling discipline. As a result, it has been passed over many generations as a practice of promoting good behavior. Other than the slavery roots, blacks have also utilized biblical connotations in an attempt to justify the punishment. One of the most quoted verse remains Proverbs 13:24 which state that anybody who loves their child should not spare the rod. However, an important question that people need to ask is whether there is a relationship between corporal punishment and discipline. The overriding aim of discipline is to ensure that essential values are transferred to the children. On the contrary, punishment has a coercive element that forces individuals to comply with certain standards, failure to which pain is inflicted as a form of revenge. Most fundamentally, the black culture has several colorful stories in the form of myths that glorify punishment as a moral intervention that has assisted in keeping the society together. Black comedians such as Bill Cosby amongst others have also delved into the discussion citing how the black culture has always believed in punishment. Abusive actions should not be entertained in the society especially those directed against minors. In 1984 for instance, Marvin Gaye died courtesy of violent actions from his father. Gaye was not only brutalized as a child but also shot dead by his father. Research has shown that children who undergo physical abuse have many problems affecting them. Some of the examples include anxiety, suicidal thoughts, difficulties in sleeping, reduced concentration, and the likelihood to develop risky behavior amongst others. The danger with this type of behavior is that a victim of abusive actions will in most cases become an abuser. Although the problem is significantly high in black communities, victims or perpetrators are less likely to attain therapy because they believe that this makes them appear mentally or emotionally weak. The case of Adrian Peterson, therefore, provides many people with important lessons regarding the position of corporal punishment in legal jurisdictions and society. In essence, Peterson attempted to prove that the beating they received while they were children had an important function in improving their disciplines. However, the violent nature of his actions and the resultant injuries inflicted on the 4-year-old child raises significant medical and legal questions that must be handled separately. Correctional of childrens misbehavior must remain within the legal and ethical confines. Corporal punishment has no position in modern society. Although it continues to be a menace among the African Americans, the activist groups should influence policies to ensure that potential victims and perpetrators receive the much-needed therapy. In the modern world, there is no justification of violence against a helpless individual such as a child. The law must continue to toughly deal with such criminals who are not only insensitive but also inhuman.